In a world that grows increasingly connected yet divided by differing beliefs, backgrounds, and lifestyles, the concept of tolerance emerges as a vital force for peace, coexistence, and mutual respect. At the heart of this noble ideal lies a simple yet powerful word that carries immense cultural, ethical, and spiritual weight. In Arabic, tolerance is often expressed as “تسامح” (tasāmuḥ), a term rooted in compassion, understanding, and humanity.
While the English word “tolerate” can sometimes imply mere endurance or reluctant acceptance, its Arabic equivalent embraces a deeper emotional and cultural significance. “يتسامح” (yatasāmaḥ) does not simply mean to put up with differences—it means to accept, forgive, and respect them. This linguistic nuance reflects the deeply embedded value of tolerance in Arab societies, where it is not just a social norm, but a moral and often spiritual imperative.
Linguistic Dimensions of Tolerance
The verb يتسامح (yatasāmaḥ) stems from the root س-م-ح (S-M-Ḥ), which relates to forgiveness, generosity, and goodwill. Other words from the same root include سماح (permission or pardon), and سَمُوح (forgiving or gracious). Unlike the more passive يتحمل (yataḥammal), which means to endure or bear something unpleasant, يتسامح denotes an active, intentional choice to coexist peacefully and respectfully.
For example, if someone says:
يجب أن نتسامح مع الآخرين مهما كانت خلفياتهم.
We must tolerate (or be tolerant of) others regardless of their backgrounds.
This phrase reflects a proactive stance—tolerance as an ethical approach to life, not just a forced obligation.
Tolerance in Arab and Islamic Traditions
The concept of tasāmuḥ is not new to the Arab world. It is deeply rooted in Islamic teachings and has long been a part of Arab cultural and spiritual life. The Qur’an and Hadith literature are rich with messages that emphasize the importance of compassion, justice, and respect for others. One of the often-quoted verses that encapsulate this spirit is:
“لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ”
“To you be your religion, and to me mine.”
(Qur’an 109:6)
This verse, from Surah Al-Kafirun, highlights the Islamic principle of religious freedom and peaceful coexistence. It promotes not just tolerance in the modern sense but mutual respect and recognition of diversity.
Throughout history, Islamic civilization has often been a beacon of pluralism. From Andalusia in Spain to Baghdad and Cairo, diverse communities—Muslims, Christians, Jews, and others—coexisted under frameworks that encouraged dialogue and cooperation. Tolerance wasn’t merely a social courtesy; it was institutionalized and protected.
The Modern Relevance of Tolerance in the Arab World
In recent decades, the value of tolerance has taken on renewed importance in the Arab world, especially amidst challenges like sectarian strife, extremism, and socio-political polarization. Recognizing this, many governments, cultural leaders, and civil society organizations have actively promoted tasāmuḥ as a national and humanitarian value.
The United Arab Emirates, for example, declared 2019 as the Year of Tolerance and even established a Ministry of Tolerance, the first of its kind globally. The initiative aimed to foster an environment where different cultures, religions, and ideologies could live together harmoniously. It included interfaith dialogues, educational reforms, and community outreach to celebrate diversity.
The UAE also hosted Pope Francis’s historic visit in 2019, during which he and the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar signed the Document on Human Fraternity, a powerful testament to interfaith cooperation and the shared human values of peace and tolerance. The document emphasizes that the diversity of religions, colors, sexes, races, and languages is willed by God and should be respected and cherished.
This progressive vision has been echoed across many Arab nations, from Jordan to Morocco, where interfaith centers, youth empowerment initiatives, and cultural festivals have sought to build bridges rather than walls.
Tolerance in Personal and Social Life
While national and international dialogues are crucial, the true test of tolerance lies in the day-to-day interactions among individuals. In Arab culture, family and community play a central role in shaping character and values. From a young age, children are taught the virtues of ḥilm (forbearance), karam (generosity), and ṣabr (patience)—all of which underpin a tolerant attitude.
In personal relationships, tasāmuḥ means more than just accepting others; it means giving them the benefit of the doubt, forgiving mistakes, and showing kindness even when it’s difficult. It’s about rising above petty differences and focusing on common humanity. Whether it’s a friend with differing political views, a co-worker from another faith, or a neighbor with unfamiliar customs, tolerance is a muscle that must be exercised daily.
Arab proverbs often capture these values beautifully. For instance:
“من تسامح كسب القلوب.”
“Whoever is tolerant wins hearts.”
Or:
“الاختلاف في الرأي لا يفسد للود قضية.”
“Difference in opinion does not ruin the bonds of affection.”
These sayings illustrate how deeply tolerance is woven into social etiquette and moral wisdom.
Challenges to Tolerance
Despite its celebrated value, tolerance can be difficult to practice in complex and fast-changing societies. The rise of social media, for instance, has amplified divisive voices and polarized debates. People are often quick to judge, cancel, or criticize those who think or act differently.
Moreover, political instability, economic pressure, and historical grievances can make it harder for communities to embrace “the other.” It takes courage and emotional maturity to see beyond fear, ignorance, or inherited biases.
This is why institutional support—through schools, religious institutions, media, and leadership—is so important. By creating safe spaces for dialogue, promoting inclusive narratives, and highlighting shared values, societies can cultivate a culture of living together rather than just existing side by side.
Conclusion: Toward a Culture of Coexistence
At its core, tolerance is not about erasing differences—it is about respecting them. It is about recognizing that diversity enriches rather than threatens. In Arabic, يتسامح is more than a verb. It is a philosophy. It reflects not just a willingness to accept, but a desire to connect.
In a region as rich in history, culture, and faith as the Arab world, tolerance is not a foreign concept—it is a native virtue. It has always been present in the poetry of the past, the teachings of prophets, and the customs of everyday people. What remains is to ensure that it continues to be a living practice, not just a noble word.
Whether through national policies, grassroots initiatives, or individual choices, fostering tasāmuḥ is essential for a peaceful and thriving future. And in a world where intolerance often makes headlines, the quiet strength of tolerance offers hope—a gentle, enduring hope—that humanity can live up to its highest ideals.
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